The Minutes Pass :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The Minutes PassI sit at a round desk for octet hours eight bucks an hour and doodle. The phone rings once or twice every few hours (if Im lucky, that is) and the population of people over 50 seems to originate by the minute. I sit with my legs crossed, sandal-less, wearing work shoes and my work smile. I enjoy the company I find myself in, even if it is a approximate book and a nice thought of myself at the beach. So I play tunes in my head, sing songs of glory under my breath, even snack on crackers when my stomach grumbles. Right now Ive got Riders on the Storm playing along in my head Riders on the storm riders on the storm Into this world were born into this world were throw Its kinda funny, seeing as how among the massive song files the Doors have recorded, I normally find this one to tickle my fancy the least, though always hear it up on the radio, overplayed in time. I mean dont film me wrong - great song, better than most - but as far as the Doors go, I fin d the song rather mundane. It has become accepted by the public, merely because its too far out of grasp for ordinary people to actually determine its true and logical meaning. Of course, theyre all oblivious to this. Only true Americans, and maybe some Europeans, can come to some sort of conclusion within themselves about the truth in things of small importance. Europeans I say, because they live within their culture, see the past and their history. Most Americans on the other hand, live in the present, see only BIG and eat at McDonalds. I say Americans because were the home of the free, the home of the brave, all that good stuff. Every other country looks up to us for one reason or other we are the Mother country. Only it takes a true American to actually comment on the facts that really come into play while living in an unmistakable society. I mean kids are still hungry, households are disrupted, yet theres a working world out there for us all. Jobs should be out ther e, and I think they may be.

How to Sell A Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

How to Sell A WebsiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.comIt is a joyous time when you ar ready to sell your website. While you leave alone be fraught with questions and unknown variables when ultimately you decide to sell your website it piece of tail be like winning a jackpot and a big mixture to your life. You might have been building your web business for historic period, consistently working on it day after day and night after night. When it finally sells you buy the farm a (hopefully) big cash injection and move on to new projects feeling renewed and excited some your future prospects. But before this disregard happen you have to make the sale, which in and of itself is a tricky task. I sold a website back in 2004 and at the time it was a beautiful big deal for me. I had built the site for a hobby in 1998. The funny thing was I didnt really think about selling my site because it was making money so consistently. It had become so routine that it was just part of my life. One day it dawned on me - Why cant I sell it? It produces revenue so has a value - lets give it a go I really cute to move on to other projects and just the idea of not having to look after the site was a huge relief - I knew selling it was the flop thing to do. But how on earth do you sell a website? How To Sell A Website Im going to recount the processes I went done to sell my site. By no means should you consider what I did as hard and fast rules but they should give you some guidelines. Remember that there are many ways you can go about the process and you should explore all your options before deciding to sell. How Much Is Your Site Worth?Your site is deserving as much as someone is willing to give you for it. Simple answer really. I know, that doesnt help when you go out advertising a site for sale and everyone is asking how much you want for it and you dont know what to say. You dont want to undercut yourself especially after years of hard work, but then again, you are selling a website - virtual property - it just seems a little bit strange doesnt it.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Throughout history, racism has played a major role in social relations. In Harper Lees novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, this theme is presented to the reader and displays the shallowness of white people in the south during the depression. The assumption that Blacks were inferior is proven during the trial of tom turkey Robinson. Such characteristics served to justify the verdict of the trial. In this trial, Tom Robinson is acc drilld of raping Mayella Ewell and is found guilty. Many examples from this novel support the fact that Tom Robinson was in fact innocent. Atticus Finch represented Tom Robinson in the trial. He showed that Toms left arm was crippled due to a former injury using a cotton gin. Atticus expanded on this point by unexpectedly throwing a fruitcake at Tom Robinson. Toms only reaction was to catch the ball with his right arm. This point is connected to Heck Tates testimony in telling the court that the right side of Mayellas face had been severely bruised. A left-hande d person would logically bedevil inflicted this injury. Toms left hand is shriveled and totally useless. On the other side of the coin, Atticus shows the court that Mr. Ewell is not ambidextrous but is only right-handed. A second testimony that supports the opposite of the verdict, was the fact that Mr. Ewell never called a doctor after learning of Mayellas injuries. Following the incident, there had not been any physical examination performed by a certified physician. If indeed Mr. Robinson had committed the crime, Mr. Ewells starting signal instinct would have been to get his daughter checked out. Upon finding his daughter assaulted, he would have wanted to have her injuries treated including the injury that might been caused by rape.The third example of the trial that strongly contrasts with the outcome of the verdict was Mayellas testimony. If Mayella was so sure that Tom Robinson was the one that assaulted her, her testimony would have been clearly stated. Instead, during th e trial, Mayella seemed to be unsure of herself at times and hesitated when thinking about certain answers. When Atticus asked Mayella if she remembered the person beating her face, she first answers that she does not recollect if the person hit her. Under her next breath, she says the man did in fact hit her. Once Atticus challenges this statement she gets flustered and continues to use the excuse that she does not remember.

Three Most Important Elements of a Manager :: essays research papers

Coming into this new semester I had many expectations. I was a little bit confused by the format being that this is my first date taking on- line classes, but now that we are so close to the end I am glad to absorb taken this course. I pass learned many things on this class. I have also come across different point of views and have gotten some interesting ones from my classmates. The three things that stood tabu the most are the description of a good motivator, our great leadership and control techniques. For me a good motivator is a person that inspires you to do go bad in life. In my personal experience that person would be my grandmother. Unfortunately she passed away last year but I will ever so have her great image in my heart. I believe that she was a great motivation in my life. She would always encourage me to do better at schoolhouse and work. She also told me to not settle for little but instead to go after my dreams. She was a hard working woman with a big family t hat always demanded her support and attention. She inspires me so much even now that shes not with us. Many of my classmates mentioned their family members and I could relate to that.Huong Do mentioned that his motivators are his parents and his siblings. I believe the moderateness for him choosing them is because he got to see on a closer look the struggle that they went trough and how they never gave up.This subject also brought us to discuss the great leaders that the world has seen. It is a very similar topic because a great leader is also a great motivator that inspires people to follow his or her cause. A great leader is someone who stands up for certain causes and doesnt care what people may think of him. They fight for peoples chastise to a better life, for peace and many other things. As I mention on the discussion I dont think in that location are any great leaders left. Our society has become so busy and selfish that everyone is trying to look out for themselves. I agr ee with my classmate Susan Njenga when she tells us on her discussion that we could never see a leader like Ghandi or Martin Luther King .A great leader needs to have so many great qualities and control techniques.

White Oleander Essay examples -- essays research papers

White Oleander, a dramatic fiction by Janet Fitch, was published by Little, Brown and connection in Boston. The story is about a mother and daughter, Ingred and Astrid have a very unusual relationship. Ingred loves her daughter but never asks her what she thinks so therefore doesnt go her daughter too well. Such as she does not know of her daughters yearning for a father. Ingred makes it very clear that she go away not allow herself to get wet to a man. She is a very brilliant, beautiful poet, who is adored by a man named Barry Kolker. He goes to all of her readings, and asks her out each time. One of the times Barry invites her to go to the Gamelan, an orchestra. Loving the Gamelan, she accepts. Her and Astrid join Barry, and they begin talking more. They start going out more, but each time she makes and stands by regulations, such as he will invite her to eat after an event where they had not planned on eating and she will refuse, because she doesnt like to get attached to men , and doesnt want to spend any longer time than she had already allotted. All of a sudden, her rules start diminishing. One time, there was a knock at her door, and it was Barry. She thought to herself, how dare he just return without an invitation?. When she opened the door (a knife in her hand), he had a bottle of wine, and bag of something that smelled good. To Astrids surprise she did something least expected. She invited him in. One night Barry said he would be over to her house at 9 and nev...

Defying Societys Norms :: Sports Social Culture Essays

Defying Societys NormsWhen a person decides to accede a sport that is non traditionally competed in by his or her sex, there are numerous risks. sensation of these risks is the risk of acquire rejected or ridiculed because participating in that sport is not common. However, if no one ever dared to defy the socially original boundaries, then women would not be playing sports. There are girls who defy these boundaries and wrestle or play football in high school as well as boys who enter field hockey. These boundaries need to be broken, even if there is ridicule and risks behind them, because of the benefits of this defiance. Society would not progress if people did not take these risks. Women were not reliable into the field of sport until much later than men. For example, the first womens baseball team was formed at Vassar College in 1865. Initially, a womans interpreting of competing in sport was consort Days. These days were times for women to gather and play sports. Howeve r, there was no competitive element. Women simply worked together in a sport. at one time women were allowed to compete in sports alike(p) basketball, men were not allowed to watch. These standards seem to be a badinage of the ideas behind sport and the competition that goes along with it. However, if this phase of mockery and controversy had not been endured, women belike would not be competing in sports.Once women gained there places in the world of sports, there were still other obstacles to overcome. For example, during World warfare II, a womens baseball fusion was formed. However, the women were not there for the spirit of sport and competition. Their uniforms were cute and highly feminine. They wore skirts. This was a way to attract more spectators and to make authentic that women playing baseball did not get to competitive or go against any standards for women of that time. Therefore, even when women were defying society, they were forced to conform in some aspects. Th is idea has been explored greatly in many films. One of these movies is Girl Fight. Girl Fight shows the story of Diana Guzman, a high school senior who always gets into fights at school. Once she realizes that she could go down that energy towards fighting, she wants to learn to box. However, her acquire does not view boxing as suitable for women and instead continues paying for her younger brothers boxing lesson.Defying Societys Norms Sports Social Culture EssaysDefying Societys NormsWhen a person decides to enter a sport that is not traditionally competed in by his or her sex, there are many risks. One of these risks is the risk of getting rejected or ridiculed because participating in that sport is not common. However, if no one ever dared to defy the socially accepted boundaries, then women would not be playing sports. There are girls who defy these boundaries and wrestle or play football in high school as well as boys who enter field hockey. These boundaries need to be br oken, even if there is ridicule and risks behind them, because of the benefits of this defiance. Society would not progress if people did not take these risks. Women were not accepted into the field of sport until much later than men. For example, the first womens baseball team was formed at Vassar College in 1865. Initially, a womans version of competing in sport was Play Days. These days were times for women to gather and play sports. However, there was no competitive element. Women simply worked together in a sport. Once women were allowed to compete in sports like basketball, men were not allowed to watch. These standards seem to be a mockery of the ideas behind sport and the competition that goes along with it. However, if this phase of mockery and controversy had not been endured, women probably would not be competing in sports.Once women gained there places in the world of sports, there were still other obstacles to overcome. For example, during World War II, a womens basebal l league was formed. However, the women were not there for the spirit of sport and competition. Their uniforms were cute and highly feminine. They wore skirts. This was a way to attract more spectators and to make sure that women playing baseball did not get to competitive or go against any standards for women of that time. Therefore, even when women were defying society, they were forced to conform in some aspects. This idea has been explored greatly in many films. One of these movies is Girl Fight. Girl Fight shows the story of Diana Guzman, a high school senior who always gets into fights at school. Once she realizes that she could put that energy towards fighting, she wants to learn to box. However, her father does not view boxing as suitable for women and instead continues paying for her younger brothers boxing lesson.

Food Warning Labels

Warning Labels Sergio Mansilla Devry University People know what be they exactly they ar eating? No because on that point is no warning labels in the f are packages. Same may oppose my position. To argue that warning labels are necessary for fast viands. It would cause consumers to think twice forwards they decide to eat fast regimen. However, my research has says warning labels should be on intellectual nourishment and friend people understands what they are eating. Ameri displaces continue to face mevery ch whollyenges as they debater these important issues and aim to deal the food supply as safe as possible.Warning labels should be including in food packages because they entrust assistant people take control of what they consume and food industries will have to submit healthier options. People will become more aware of what they are eating if there are labels on food packages. It would stand by them be more involved in what they eat. And with food labels they will be more set know more about the facts on the nutrition label. In this book by Victoria Sherrow are a published author and an illustrator of childrens books and vernal adult books.Some of the published credits of Victoria Sherrow include Jonas Salk Beyond the Microscope (Makers of Modern Science), about food safety (2008) it touches on an issues how important is labeling laws. They say that currents laws give food product companies too much give discretion, in terms that what they are list and how they are listing it. One contentious area is involves labeling genetically circumscribed the GM foods. Publication of the FDA stated that labeling is required for information that is material, to avoid false misleading statements (Sherrow 2008).This means that the food labeling is required for most prepared foods, such as breads, cereals, canned and frozen foods, snacks, desserts, drinks. Nutrition labeling for raw produce fruits and vegetables, fish is voluntary. We refer to these product s as conventional foods. Because nutrition labeling in accordance with be provided upon request for any restaurant food or meal for which a nutrient content claim a health claim and permitted by a regulation in is made, except that information on the nutrient amounts.Those are the basis for the claim determined by nutrient data hindquarterss, cookbooks or by other liable bases that provide assurance that the food, meal meets the nutrient requirements for the claim. Because nutrition labeling may be in various forms including those provided in other reasonable means. My opposition may argue It would be enormously impractical to label every genetically modified new crop and would falsely imply a difference in foods safety (Sherrow 2008 p. 86).While seems reasonable I argue that show food label product will help people to be healthier and not risk their own vitality of getting sick and not getting dangerous diseases. Without labels there is no need for industries create healthier foo d for people if they arent aware of what they are eating. It will lead to diseases dont know what they are eating there plate. In this article by Marion Nestle she is the Paulette Goddard professor of nutrition, food studies, and customary health at New York University.She is author of food politics and with Malden Nesheim why calories count From science to politics, which will be published in March. Nestle r to Nutrion Actions Bonnie Liebman from New York (Nestle 2011 p. 10-11) touches on the legal issues of how the food industry influence what we eat. The food industry tries to influence us what to eat, but play along lobbyists meet with officials in the federal agencies to make sure that the government does not say that people should be eating less of their food products (Nestle 2011).The food surroundings wants us to eat carious food, they controls the kinds of food are the intakes are better at getting people to eat more and not less. But they are withal designed to make sure that you are not starving at all and that your brain has fuel and your body has energy all the time. local and organic and seasonal foods are important because they give consumers a choice of you to represents an explicit critique of the existing food system. The mainstream companies are buying organic food companies.Some of which sell organic, estimable sounding chips, cookies, sodas, but they are still sailing some other unhealthy tear apart food we eat. But also there not enough food to give to everyone in world but if everyone purchase a little more of organic food from farmers markets it would make a huge differences. Right now only a small fraction of the population is buying more organic foods with labels, also fraction are exploitation and the food industry needs growth for us to eat healthier. Adding a Nutrition information panel will guide buyers to choose healthier products to help eople avoid unhealthy diets. The food industry influences nutrition and health. In cast out or positive way that depending if it has a food label Nestle Marion ascertains food producers and manufactures of dietary supplements convinced the public, and congress that their products did not need to be regulated by the a Food and the Drug Administration. Also questionable effects of fortifying foods considered junk food is that practice that promotes unhealthy eating more negative affect of the food industry are also examined. Children are also a autochthonic target for food industry.The producers know exactly what is going on with our food products and manufactures because they have seen it in person when pursues the food products. It the food companies should be involved in food and nutrition by putting labels on food packages. The professionals in marketing campaigns show encouraging by hiring experts consultants giving them research grants, providing support of food products and manufactures to emphasize the benefits or minimize of the potentially adverse effec ts of their products. They show you how dairy industries that took issue with the depiction on a healthy diet .It should base on the plants foods and the limit of the amount of meat and dairy foods, are expose. Putting food labels will causes industries to make healthier foods. Peter Shawn Taylor is currently editor at Large of Macleans magazine. He earned a Masters degree in Economics from the University of Alberta in 1989 and was senior analyst for the Alberta Liberal forgather in the early 1990s under Liberal Leader Laurence Decore says taxation on junk food, warning labels on unhealthy foods is a good supposition in order to assist consumers to eat healthy (Taylor 2013 p. 2). Today, its recently affecting the demanded new taxes on junk food and grotesque warning labels on pizza boxes, similar to the ones on cigarettes. Consequently, if the information on the nutritional quality of food is not provided to the public, people who consume unhealthy food products could be exposed to health risks. What is worse, they could face the difficulty of making the right decisions on choosing food products. The article describes in detail that food taxes can make people make the right choices with the food.As for dark warnings, public-health worries that rising levels of obesity mean Canadian children will live shorter lives than their parents, however, the evidence to support such a claim simply does not exist. There are many people in the world who are dying of junk foods because they are so addicted to the fast food and cant stop anymore. They are overweight and cant do anything because they are too fat and then they are increasing their chances of getting diseases which is also risking their own lives. The call to action is to demand food labels on food products.Consumer reports touch on legal issues of labels that tell people where beef comes from could be unhealthy for them. The labels help consumers become more informed of what choice to pick when it comes to f ood. There is an outbreak that of food contamination in a certain country that could help you avoid those food products. Consumers need evidence that there is maker of product called Pom. That is now required to provide two randomized that controlled human clinical trials to endure to disease related claims. And this juice product helps supports claims that helps prevent heart diseases and prostate cancer.That why this company appealing the decision of putting a labels this product for all the people that buys this juice product is good and health help you in getting any kind of diseases or some other sickness. Food labels will help us design a healthy diet . With all the information that I have collected about food labeling, all of them had negative thoughts about the legal standard terms. In conclusion, the newly resolved problem with the food labeling standard terms need to get more recognition because in the future consumers wont have to fight any more for information to help t hem choose the foods they want and eat in a healthy diet.Food labels contain vital information, not misleading or untrue. References Nestle, M. (2011, October). Buy Me How the food industry influences what we eat. NutritionAction Health Letter, pp. 10-11. Reports, C. (2013, April 4). Where does your food come from? p6. Sherrow, V. (2008) Food Safety (Point/ Counterpoint). New York Chelsea House. Taylor, P. S. (2013, 1 April). You cant tax yourself thin. Canadian Business, pp. 22-22.

Project Appraisal And Risk

PROJECT appraisal AND RISKQ1. Risk & Uncertainty is an important part to be considered onward any projects investment appraisal. Select the appropriate option which relates to either Risk or Uncertainty. (HA)It is Quantifiable RISK UNCERTAINTYIncreases as the projects life increases RISK UNCERTAINTYIt is difficult to assert probabilities RISK UNCERTAINTYIncreases as the variability of returns increases RISK UNCERTAINTY(2 marks)Q2. Cipher Co. plans to buy a new machine which will produce anticipate sales of 110,000 unit of measurements per year. Each unit can be sold for $15 per unit. The project is expected to last for five years. The project NPV is $1780. The company profit tax one year in arrears at an annual rate of 30% per year. Calculate the sensitivity of the new machine to a variety in selling price using the price of capital of 11%.4%4.4%4.7%5%(2 marks)Q3. Calculate the sensitivity of selling price? The following information to be usedInvestment in Year 0 $30,000, Sales volume 200 units per annum each be $200, Variable cost $50/unit & Total Fixed cost $6000 per annum. The project life is estimated to be three years with the cost of capital of 10%. (MCQ)30.5%29.8%25%15%(2 marks)Q4. Select the appropriate strength & weaknesses for sensitivity analysis according to the statements. (HA)It identifies crucial atomic number 18as for the success of the project attitude WEAKNESSIt provides information which bothows management to make subjective judgments STRENGTH WEAKNESSIt is not an optimizing technique STRENGTH WEAKNESSIt assumes that changes to variables can be made independently STRENGTH WEAKNESS(2 marks)Q5. Calculate the sensitivity of theatrical role? The following information to be usedInvestment in Year 0 $60,000, Sales volume 600 units per annum each costing $125, Variable cost $10/unit & Total Fixed cost $4000 per annum, the Tax rate is 20% will only be applicable on taxable cash flows & capital allowances are to be ignored. The project lif e is estimated to be two years with the cost of capital of 8%. (MCQ)45.4%41.8%33.2%30.6%(2 marks)Q6. Dmitri is contemplating purchasing a machine for $275,000 which he will use to produce 50,000 units per year for five years. These products selling price is $10/unit and variable costs are expected to be $6/unit. Incremental fixed costs will be $70,000 every year for production & $25,000 every year for selling and distribution. Petra has a compulsory rate of return of 10% per annum. By how many units must the estimate of production and sale volume fall for the project to be regarded as not worthwhile? (MCQ)2,8756,4658,11512,315(2 marks)Q7. Zulu Co. is considering to invest in a project costing $20,000, the amount is payable at the start of the first year of operation. The estimated future cash flows & its probabilities are given below Year 1 The present take account of cash flow ($) Probabilities17,500 0.7211,700 0.2(5,000) 0.08Year 2The present measure of cash flow ($) Probabilit ies23,000 0.65(3,500) 0.35Calculate the total expected value? (MCQ) $23,700$14,540$13,725$8,265(2 marks)Q8. An individual uses expected value on the assumption to (MCQ)Reduce risk for a given level of returnMaximize return for a given level of riskReduce risk no matter of the level of returnMaximize return irrespective of the level of risk(2 marks)Q9. Which of the following TWO are disadvantages of Expected value? (MRQ)Relatively simple calculationIgnores variability of payoffsDeals with eight-fold outcomesThe answer is only a long-run average (2 marks)Q10. Using mathematical models, it produces a distribution of the possible outcomes from the project using multiple indeterminate variables. Choose the appropriate Technique. (MCQ)SimulationRisk-adjusted discount ratesAdjusted paybackExpected value(2 marks)PROJECT APPRAISAL AND RISK (ANSWERS)Q1. It is Quantifiable RISK Increases as the projects life increases UNCERTAINTYIt is difficult to assign probabilities UNCERTAINTYIncreases a s the variability of returns increases RISKQ2. ASelling Price = 110,000 $15 = $165, 0000annuity Factor 11% (1 5 years) = 3.696Annuity Factor 11% (1 6 years) = 4.231Discount Factor 11% (Year 1) = 0.901Annuity Factor 11% (2 6 years) = 4.231 0.901 = 3.33Year 1-5 Tax rate Year 2-6 Cash flow 1650,000 30% 495,000 Annuity 3.696 3.33 Selling Price after tax 6098,400 164,8350 445,0050Sensitivity = (1,780 445, 50050) 100 = 4%Q3. Years Cash flow ($) Discount Factor (10%) Present value ($)Investment 0 (30,000) 1 (30,000)Sales Revenue 1-3 40,000 2.487 99,480Variable Cost 1-3 (10,000) 2.487 (24,870)Fixed Cost 1-3 (6,000) 2.487 (14,922)NPV 29,688Selling Price = (29,688 99,480) 100 = 29.8%Q4. It identifies crucial areas for the success of the project STRENGTH It provides information which allows management to make subjective judgments STRENGTH It is not an optimizing technique WEAKNESSIt assumes that changes to variables can be made independently WEAKNESSInformation will be presented t o management in a form which facilitates subjective judgment to decide the likeliness of the various possible outcomes considered.It is not an optimizing technique. It does not point directly to the correct decision.It assumes that changes to variables can be made independently, e.g. raw material costs will change independently of other variables. This is highly unlikely.Q5. CYears Cash flow ($) Discount Factor (8%) Present value ($) After Tax Present value ($) Investment 0 (60,000) 1 (60,000) (60,000)Sales Revenue 1-2 75,000 1.783 133,725 106,980Variable Cost 1-2 (6,000) 1.783 (10,698) (8,558)Fixed Cost 1-2 (4,000) 1.783 (7,132) (5,706)NPV 55,895 32,716Contribution = (32,716 106,980 8,558) 100 = 33.2%Q6. CYear Cash flow ($) Discount factor (10%) Present Value ($)Machine 0 (275,000) 1 (275,000)Contribution 1-5 200,000 3.791 758,200Fixed cost 1-5 (95,000) 3.791 (360,145)NPV 123,055PV of contribution must fall by $123,055 Sales volume must fall by $123,055 758,200 = 16.23% Fall i n sales volume = 0.1623 50,000 = 8,115Q7. DYear 1 Present value of cash flow ($) Probabilities Expected value ($)17,500 0.72 12,60011,700 0.2 2,340(5,000) 0.08 (400)14,540Year 2The present value of cash flow ($) Probabilities Expected value ($)23,000 0.65 14,950(3,500) 0.35 (1,225)13,725(14,540 + 13,725) 20,000 = 8,265Q8. DThe Expected Value is the weighted average of all the possible outcomes, with the weightings based on the probability estimates. This is specifically used to maximize the shareholders wealth exclusive of any risk assumptions.Q9.Relatively simple calculation (Advantage)Ignores variability of payoffs (Disadvantage)Deals with multiple outcomes (Advantage)The answer is only a long-run average (Disadvantage)Q10. AThe simulation uses a mathematical model, it produces a distribution of the possible outcomes from the project using multiple uncertain variables.

An essay on the drought of 1991-95 in Australia Essay

It was one of the longest of the twentieth centuryand one of the some destructive in terms ofdamage to the visible environment. Largeareas of topsoil were lost and there was somedamage to vegetation and wildlife.As droughts occur frequently in Australia,most native plants and animals are usually wellequipped to deal with them. However, introducedcrops and animals can be staidly affected,leading to crop failures, minimal planting of newcrops and the death of introduced stock, such assheep and cattle. Consequently, droughts havethe most intrusion on areas given over to croppingor intensive grazing. The drought of 199195 hada devastating impact on such areas.As the map opposite shows, the drought had itsgreatest impact on north-eastern Australia, particularly Queensland. Most of eastern Australiaexperienced below average rainfall for much(prenominal) of theperiod of the drought.The cause of the drought was clearly El Niorelated, as the graph of the SOI for the periodshows. For near ly all of the period, the SOI wasbelow zero and for many months it was in the send 10.Southern Oscillation Index, 198995One of the most dramatic consequences ofsevere drought is the dust storm. When the soillacks moisture and dries out, plants and treeroots that normally hold the soil together witherand die. The dry soil particles on the surface areeasily lifted into the air by strong winds, and topsoilcan be carried across huge distances.20100102030 40Year1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994SOI5 month mean1995Southern OscillationFarmers shortend their stock numbers anddecreased the amount of land under crops. Someleft drought-affected areas permanently. Farmersattempted to reduce the impact of drought byimproving their farming methods, including theuse of conservation techniques and fodderproductionsystems. Community-based groups suchas farming organisations lobbied for finnancialassistance from governments and provided assistancefor individual farmers. The CommonwealthGovernment provid ed $590 million in droughtrelief from 1992 to 1995. The government hasnow developed the National Drought Policy,which provides a range of subsidies and directfinnancial assistance.http//www.rmwebed.com.au/geo_2008/drought_1991_95.html

Hypermarket Impact on Small Retailer

ABSTRACT Kedai runcit or mixed shops have been a standard feature of our lodgement estate landscape ever since there were housing estates. These mom-and-pop performances have been selling to their surrounding residents everyday essentials such as groceries, fresh produce, poultry, toiletries, etc. Their rational price and close distance have made them popular among residents of the housing estates in which they are located. Lately, though, their popularity has been on the decline due to competition from wholesale foodstuffs or hypermarkets which can offer the same items cheaper and conveniently under single roof.Local and foreign-bred hypermarkets such as colossuss, Tesco and Carrefour have been invading our towns, big and elflike, leaving the traditional sundry shops fighting for their craft. Many of these small-scale individually-owned shops have since closed their operations permanently or moved them a little further outer boundary of town, away from the hypermarket catc hment. alone how serious is the impact of these hypermarkets on the operation of the sundry shops has so far not been fully investigated in Malaysia although many studies have been carried out elsewhere.Thus, this paper presents a tuition that has been carried out by the authors to investigate how serious the impact is in Johor Bahru. A sample of three hypermarkets was chosen for this study. Using GIS, we spatially showed the annual changes in the density of sundry shop licenses issued by the local authority indoors the catchment of several(prenominal)ly hypermarket, three days onward as comfortably as three historic period after the inaugural date of the hypermarket. Also using GIS, we corroborated the decline in the deem of sundry shops within the surrounding housing estates with the residing addresses of the surveyed customers of the hypermarkets.The results obtained confirmed that the operation of hypermarkets does contribute to the decline in the number of sundry sho ps and the degree of the decline decreases radially outward from the location of the hypermarkets. The findings from this study suggest that some rethinking needs to be done about the manner in which hypermarket licenses, or sundry shop licenses for that matter, are issued. Even our current policy of allowing a certain percentage of in the raw housing development to be set aside for shoplots may also need to be reviewed.Keywords Hypermarkets, sundry shops, GIS spatial analysis 1. INTRODUCTION Kedai runcit or a sundry shop is any shop that sells groceries and other daily items directly to its customers in small quantity (Osman, 1988). Normally, sundry shops are owned by individuals or shared by several individuals and offer limited number of items and quantity. In Malaysia one can find sundry shops in almost every housing estates and villages and they normally have a limited cathment area.A hypermarket, in contrast, is a big-scale retail store that offers a variety of goods and serv ices all conveniently under one roof (Duncan, Hollander and Savitt, 1983). A hypermarket commands a wide catchment area and it is normally owned by big companies who have numerous branches of the hypermarkets in many places. Among the more-popular chains of hypermarket operational in Malaysia are the locally-owned Giant Hypermarkets, and foreign-owned Tesco Hypermarkets and Carrefour Hypermarkets.Like in any modern country, hypermarkets in Malaysia have been expanding their operation to meet the demand of current generation for quality, convenience, product variety and long operation hours (Malaysian Ninth Plan, 2006). However, there are ever growing concern on the negative impacts of hypermarkets on the business of nearby neck of the woods sundry shops (Johor Structure Plan 2002-2020, 2005). This is supported by Bennison & Davies (1980) and Seiders & Tigert (2000) whose study concluded that a hypermarket did have a negative impact on the growth of small sundry shops in the area. In spite of the same concern in Malaysia, there have been no study to investigate the spatial extent of the impact. Thus, a study was set up by the authors to investigate the spatial extent of the impact and also to find out the factors that attract customers to hypermakets, leaving their neighborhood sundry shops assay for business. 2. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to spatially investigate the impact of a hypermarket on the operation of the surrounding sundry shops.In order to achieve the objectives the following tasks needed to be carried out 1) identifying the suitable samples of hypermarkets 2) identifying the market catchment of the hypermarkets 3) collection of data pertaining to the number of business licenses issued to sundry shop operators within the catchment areas three years before as well as three years after the operation of the hypermarkets 4) identifying factors that influence the decisions by the customers to shop at these hypermarkets.The method used t o conduct the study is discussed in dilate in the following section. 3. METHOD The first step of the study was to choose a number of hypermarkets as units of analysis. Among the criteria taken into consideration in choosing the hypermarkets were 1) the year they were overt for business to ensure that the chosen hypermarkets have been operating for at least(prenominal) three years 2) the distances between all(prenominal) other to avoid overlapping of the market catchments and 3) the types of goods sold at the hypermarkets so that they match those sold at the neighborhood sundry shops.Of the total of about ten hypermarkets in the City of Johor Bahru, three hypermarkets met these criteria and were chosen for the study. The three hypermarkets were from a locallygrown hypermarket chain known as Giant Hypermarket that are located in Southern City (in Johor Bahru City Centre), in Plentong and in Skudai (10km outskirt of Johor Bahru) (Refer Figure 1. 0). These three hypermarkets served a number of residential areas, known in Malaysia as taman perumahan or housing estates, located between 0 20km surrounding them.The attached step was the distribution of questionaire sets to 200 customers per hypermarket (100 during weekday and 100 during weekend) containing questions concerning their home addresses and the reasons for choosing to shop at the hypermarkets. Their home addresses were then inputted into the city plan in GIS format to dertermine the extent of each hypermarkets cathment area. One way to measure the impact of a hypermarket on the neighborhood sundry shops is to actually count the number of sundry shops that are in business several years before and after the hypermarket is in operation.This is difficult to conduct since the monitoring would take as long as the number of years that we are interested in investigating. One way to expedite the process is to actually study the records of the number of annual business licenses issued to sundry shops and assume that each sundry shop that holds such license is actually operating a sundry shop. On this basis, the number of business licenses issued to sundry shops within three years before and after a hypermarket was in operation were obtained from the local authority (Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council).The locations of the business premises of these licenses were then plotted on the city occasion and then rasterised into a 50m grid format to give a density of sundry shop licenses per fifty square meters for each of the three years before and after the operation of the hypermarkets. The changes in the sundry shop density were then used to explain the impact of the hypermatkets on the business of the sundry shops. 2. Impact on Neighbourhood Sundry ShopsIf most of the customers that patronize these hypermarkets come from the surrounding housing estates as described previously, what is the impact on the sundry shops within those housing estates? The least impact would be slowing down of busi ness for these neighborhood sundry shops while the worst impact would be closing down of business. While business slowdown can be investigated, this study only looked at the closing down of business by tracking the number of sundry shop licenses issued annualy by the local authority.Since the impact normally materializes a few years after the opening of a hypermarket, records of licenses three years before and after the opening of the hypermarket were inventoried. Changes in the number of sundry shops were investigated by studying the changes in the density of sundry shop licenses for every 50m2 area surrounding each hypermarket. This is done spatially in GIS by rasterising the 50m2 area into grids and varying the color of the grids according to the number of licenses within the grids for each particular year. Figures 5. 0 7. show the annual changes in the density of licenses within the grids for all the three hypermarkets studied. In general, the figures show the decreasing trend in the densities of sundry shops even before the opening of these hypermarkets except for the Plentong Giant Hypermarket. The decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Southern City Hypermarket (Figure 5. 0) could be attributed to competition among themselves and the operation of another hypermarket chain at the very building occupied by the Giant Hypermarket before it took over the operation.Meanwhile the decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Skudai Hypermarket (Figure 7. 0) could be attributed to the opening of another Giant Hypermarket just 4km away the year before the Skudai Hypermarket opened, by from competition among themselves. The number of sundry shops surrounding the Plentong Hypermarket (Figure 6. 0) on the other hand was on the increase prior to the opening of the hypermarket. Investigation revealed that this was due to the opening of several new housing estates in the area which normally, as the case is in Malaysia, come with a number of shoplots.

Positive nonverbal messages Essay

From the manner we dress to the manner we move. our gestural signals can uncover a great trade about our emotions. perceptual experiences and purposes. When a idiosyncratic is speaking or listening. he sends uninterrupted messages consciously or unconsciously through his wide-cut structure motions. such as the manner he holds his caput. the cant over at which he hold his organic structure. his motions of limbs and his altering facial looks. This sort of communicating in which no verbal linguistic conversation is used comes chthonic the class of non verbal communicating. Harmonizing to Knapp & A Hall ( 2002 ) non verbal communicating refers to communicating that is produced by some agencies other than words. e. g. . middle contact. organic structure linguistic communication or vocal cues.The significance of gestural communicating. in set uping interpersonal relationships. is far greater than any one can believe of. Harmonizing to experts. a square part of our communicating is gestural. On the footing of its consequence gestural communicating can be classified under following three classs. 1. POSITIVE communicative COMMUNICATION Positive gestural messages puts the other individual at easiness. When a individual expresses an unfastened and positive attitude towards the individual with whom he is interacting. it creates a encouraging and collaborative ambiance.Use of positive non-verbal communicating helps a individual to go more rough-and-ready and successful. It significantly affects the degree of interpersonal relationship. It besides determines the overall touch people form about a individual. There are several types of positive non verbal indexs. For illustration turning face to the transmitter. tilting somewhat frontward towards him head that he is interested. . Noding to show apprehension. smiling or touching the individual gently are other types of positive non verbal cues.The oculus contact is most effectual non verbal cue to accomplish the end of deriving someones trust. The manner one uses his organic structure and limbs. his eyes and face. will hold a major influence on how his non verbal messages are perceived. 2. NEGATIVE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Sometimes not verbal organic structure motions. gestures and facial looks incur disinterest & A misgiving. It creates a province of confusion on the portion of the receiving system. The type of communicating which comes under the above class is known as ostracise gestural communicating. Negative gestural messages shackles collaborative and supportive environment.To guarantee effectual communicating one must avoid giving such type of cues. Gazing or staring at other can make force per unit area and tenseness between the receiving system and the transmitter. Negative facial look. devious eyes. overly much eye blink suggest misrepresentation Eyebrow musculus draws the superciliums down and toward the centre of the face if person is annoyed. Talking to person without keep ing the oculus contact is deflecting and frequently pick uped as insulting. If a individual keeps speaking on phone or keeps working on the computing machine during the conversation. it shows that he is non interested. 3.NEUTRAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION This is the type of gestural communicating which have neither positive or negative consequence on the receiving system. The type of organic structure motions. positions and tone which have impersonal consequence on the receiving systems feelings and emotions comes under this class. It is really hard to label any non verbal cue as impersonal. Peoples enlarge intending even to a impersonal message. During listening one seldom can remain soundless for long. silence in some cases may be do by as impersonal non verbal communicating. If it lasts more than for 5-6 seconds so it turns into a negative cue.Sounds like Mmm . Ah and Hmmm when used in a impersonal manner invite prentice to go on speaking. CONCLUSION Sending clear gestural mes sages and understanding right the message send by person. mostly depends upon the manner how you are comprehending the entire state of affairs. and the individual with whom you are pass oning. Your head set and the environment in which the communicating is taking topographic point besides find how you interpret and react to the non verbal messages. Interpretation of the messages depends upon past experiences. feelings. attitude and socio cultural background of the receiving system.Communication can be misperceived if the beginning and the receiving system does non portion general experiences and common frame of mention.REFERENCES Knapp. M. L & A Hall. J. A ( 2002 ) Non Verbal Communication in Human Interaction. Crawfordsville. Inch Thompson Learning Smith. T. E. & A Gartin B. C. Murdick. N. L. & A Hilton. A ( 2006 ) Positive index Of Non Verbal Communication Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall retrieved on 13th May. 2010 Windle. R & A Warren. S Communication Skills retrieved on 13th May 2010 from hypertext transfer communications protocol //www. directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm

Importance of Communication Skills

STUDENT NAME NYAGOL ONYANGO BRIAN ADM NO. EC/16/11 COURSE CODE IRD 107 COURSE TITLE communication SKILLS WORKASSIGNMENT. TITLEIMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO A UNIVERSITY STUDENT LECTURER MR. KHWALIA DATE OF SUBMISSION /.. / STUDENT SIGNATURE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO A UNIVERSITY STUDENT. dialogue skills are the skills that every individual requires in order to send information to an audience in the most efficient way and receive information from a sender and interpret it correctly.A university schoolchild is in dire need of undecomposed communication skills to economic aid him/ her undertake each fields of activities in the university including tender and academic fields. This is because he/ she will be required to communicate in the most accurate and efficient way to make sure that the information move or received is perceived in the intended manner. To start with, communications skills will help a student to have good listening habits in class. This will reckon that the student gunners a lot from what he/ she is taught in class since she learns to fully concentrate in the lectures and their subsequent subject matter.Among the skills that will help the student is listening carefully, asking questions, requesting for clarification, responding accordingly, among other things. Communication skills will be very vital for either university student who is a leader. To ensure that all their drawers and supporters get them clearly, and interpret their words, gestures and facial dribbleions correctly, the student has to know how and when to apply these in the communication process.Without appropriate communication skills, the students may risk losing supporters or derailing the peoples confidence in him/ her. The life of a student in the university involves entry into various offices like deans offices, lecturers offices, Vice Chancellors offices, security offices and so on. The student will yet get the expected information from the pe ople he/ she finds in the offices if only appropriate communication skills are employed. The student has to ensure that the correct enquiry or question is asked.The student has to give full details of events especially in security offices when reporting a case in order for the correct follow up to be undertaken. Academic life of a university student also entails discussion, public speaking and presentation or research projects and group assignments. The student with good communication skills will deliver his/ her content correctly, in a chronologically planned order and confidently in front of other students. This will ensure that fear in him/ her does not distract the audience from getting the message being communicated by the student.Lack of communication skills may make the student express the information wrongly and hence wrongly interpreted by the audience. Communication skills are also vital to university students in their social relations to their fellows. This engenders whe never there is any disagreement on an issue, an extended argument, or a infringe between two or more students. Good communication skills help in conflict resolution and effecting negotiations. When communication skills are implemented at such times, several damages are barred such as fights, insults and even mob actions.For typeface a student resolving conflict between two other students will ask questions from both parties and evaluate their responses effectively in order to come up with the best solution which suits both parties. University students stay together like four or three students in one room. Angry face all the time, quarrelling at high tones, making noise, are examples of lack communication skills that interfere with the harmonious living if such students together. However, absence of these will leave the students at easing in living together with one another and make them be able to communicate effectively and assist each other in some ways.In conclusion, communic ation skills are as well important to a university student as academic skills. It is evident that without good communication skills, a student may not be able to acquire knowledge effectively, may get into dangers of misunderstanding and commotions, not get intended replies in university offices, lead an mismated social life and many other disadvantages. All students should therefore strive to equip themselves with appropriate communication skills to ease their academic and social life in the university.

Linguistics Classes, Verb and Noun

Discuss and contrast some of the main features of the correctes VERB and NOUN in English and any other language. In this essay I will make an attempt to discuss differences between two classes of lexemes, which are verb and noun. In order to conduct that analysis in a detailed port I will refer to two languages, English and Polish (minor references to cut will also help my studies). I will start from defining what unrivaled offer refer to as class in linguals. I will to refer to certain shadows of doubt that may be casted on that categorization.This will be followed by elaborating subtleties of what constitutes a verb providing examples and showing contrasts between two languages examined. With the help of studying materials Ill manage to outline empirical criteria for how the concept of verb weed be still by a linguist. Then, I will implement similar methodology to clarify the concept of a noun class. Finally I will arrive at a conclusion that beyond any doubt those two cat egories are distinctly assorted and minor similarities emphasized by two drastically various languages simply make the case more interesting.A scholar is able to divide every language into two diverse, but mutually supplementing, categories. Grammar is a set of unopen system that determines how items of the language interact with each other. Lexicon, on the other hand provides a glossary of lexemes. Lexeme is more than a word, as it refers to all possible variations of linguistic items used within language. Its relation to the meaning rout out sometimes proves difficult to define without implementing a variety of terms in the definition. To fully explain what a given lexeme means it has to be placed in a variety of backgrounds and supported with examples.An alternative to lexicon is called a thesaurus and it groups delivery accordingly to their semantic similarities. Lexicon post be bring forward divided into classes of lexemes. Unlike grammar, these systems of lexical conce pts are open, which means their content varies depending on the language. Before drawing the line between nouns and verbs Id like to draw attention to possible blurs of that line. In English language words such as walk relate to both a noun and a verb. This is non exactly a homonym (lexeme that has the same form but varies in its meaning) as both words refer to the same activity.Interesting comparison with the Polish language is that it neer uses verbs as noun but still has large variety of verb derived nouns such as zapalenie (inflammation) or skojarzenie (association). Despite that fact verb derived noun in Polish such as bieg (a run) is non its noun form of the verb bieganie (running). It also contains a significantly smaller number of homonyms, most of which either differs in spelling (kot-kod) or has a foreign origin (pilot tv remote and pilot one that steers a plane) and is usually a noun. English uses multiple homonyms within different classes and semantic distances pit ch, division.As no universal differentiation can be drawn for classes of verb and noun they are most commonly identified by several categories of lexemes. Verb in every language refers to motion, rest, giving, affect, corporeal, attention and speaking. Some languages allow further distinction to nuclear and non-nuclear verbs. Nuclear verb of rest in Polish would be lezec (means to lay, employ to either an object or a person) and the non-nuclear item that can be defined only by a reference to the nuclear verb zalegac (to lay somewhere for a long time/to post in the way of casual activities).English, on the other hand cannot provide a good example of such a lexical item. A scholar can also toller off verbs to be transitive or non-transitive. A transitive verb needs to be completed by an object of the action (We left John. ) while the intransitive verb form is complete without any object to follow (We could not stand it so we left. ). In Polish transitive (przesuwac to move an o bject) are entirely different words than intransitive verbs (skakac to jump). Categories that will only refer to verbs class are modality and tense aspect.Both in Polish and English future past and present tenses occur, still in Polish perfect tenses are only implied by the context Patrze na niego od godziny Ive been watching him for an hour. Whats also fascinating is that in past and future continuous tense Polish verbs suddenly have sex. Discussing modality its worth mentioning that in Polish imperative mode of a verb is always a different form any regular conjugation (which wouldnt be the case in French). English modality is most liable(predicate) to be contained within the context of the sentence.Comparing these languages from the perspective of verbs scholar should also bear in mind that while English has phrasal verbs (put it off) that are quite different from their lexeme of origin (put) Polish does not. Id risk a statement that this function is associated with a complex system of prefixes (wlaczyc, wylaczyc turn on, turn off). Following the applied logic one ought to explain the lexical class of noun with its typical references. Nouns describe parts of the human body and components of other things, fauna, flora, sun moon and stars, elements, and artefacts.They also stand for abstract terms such as emotions, colour or time. Latter one often leads to interesting observations when examined from a linguistic perspective. In Polish and French instead of asking for the time, one asks for the number of the hour. A noun could be derived from verbs or adjectives (swim, hatred) or underived (beauty, fish). Dixon stated that transitivity value of verbs is equally important to the gender of the noun. In English nouns dont have gender, while in Polish and French even objects have gender. Distribution of gender qualities within these lexemes can be conditioned by the context of culture.Its also often implied by vowel suffix in French and Polish (e in French an d a in Polish). Nouns can take singular form or plural form when added a suffix (s in English and i in Polish). There are exceptions both grammatical (fish) and mass-nouns (mud). Some languages include use of a possessive suffix, however neither English nor Polish would be an example. discipline of nouns also includes generic terms, which mean a word that can mean a variety of things depending on the implied intention. An example that is close to perfection is the noun thing which can stand for any other noun.It can as well be a feature of speech style. Curious detail is, when translated, the word thing in Polish can take two forms (cos/rzecz), both have a similar meaning but are used in different context and the latter one has a female gender. Less obvious example would be a Polish word wiersz, which can refer to a verse form as well as to a single text line. According to scholars like Marantz certain lexical items can be used in a variety of syntactic structure and implementatio n of any lexicon, therefore classes such as nouns or verbs are entirely futille.I beg to differ as the compact of my analysis shows multiple differences and distinctive features of each class. Verbs and nouns are defined with a variety of different concepts. Every additional term that refers to categories within a class is like an additional dimension, which outline boundaries of semantic field necessary for understanding the concept. Therefore, provides a valuable methodology for linguistic studies. Blake Lezenski Word Count 1235 Bibliography R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic lingual Theory Volume 3 Further Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA. Erkelens, M. A. , 2009.Learning to categorize verbs and nouns studies on Dutch. Ultrecht Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication 1 . Dixon R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic linguistic Theory Volume 3 Further Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA, p. 290. 2 . Ibid 291. 3 . Ibid 291. 4 . Ibid 300 . 5 . Ibid 293. 6 . Ibid 300. 7 . Ibid 305. 8 . Ibid 291. 9 . Ibid 302. 10 . Ibid 301. 11 . Erkelens, M. A. , 2009. Learning to categorize verbs and nouns studies on Dutch. Ultrecht Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, p. 26.

Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass as self-made men Essay

register of benjamin Franklin states that apart from existence ane of the founding fathers of united States, he was a philosopher, scientist, inventor, a leading writer, publisher and a diplomat too. A person with so mankindy specialties in his personality is rarely seen and when we read the whole reserve, which has 14 chapters, we come to know that Benjamin Franklin was completely a self-made man. He gained expertise in each field he worked because he did everything in his lifespan with all his interest. Benjamin gives a skilful description of his life in Philadelphia and his abrupt interest in literature and hilosophy in this book.He as well had interest in religion preponderating in America during colonial and revolutionary period. He wrote the first five chapters of the book in England in 1771 and afterwards 13 geezerhood i. e. , probably in 1884-85 he continued it when he was in Paris. after contendds when he returned to US in 1788, he completed the book giving t he account of his life savings bank he is 57 years old i. e. , till 1757. One year after Benjamin Franklins death, in March 1791, his autobiography was published in Paris. Benjamin was born in Boston in 1706 as his fathers 15th chela out of 17.When he was a chool going child he wanted to become a minister provided later he dropped this idea as he had great interest in reading and writing. For the first few years, Benjamin apprenticed his blood br early(a) merely soon go to Philadelphia and worked there for some time. While staying in Philadelphia, Franklin made friends with well-known policy- qualification figures and then moved to England. pre direct he stayed for 18 months with James Ralph who was a good friend of his only later he estranged with him. indeed in 1726 he returned to America where he started a debating confederacy in a very short time and called it the Junto.After two years, with the help of tools and knowledge gained in England, he turned The Pennsylvania Gazette into a flourishing publication after taking it everyplace from Keimer. In 1730 Benjamin married his beloved, Deborah Read and had two children. Franklin did printing work for the government holding short positions during 1730s. Later he became postmaster of Philadelphia and likewise started Poor Richards Almanac. He invented Franklin stove by the end of 1730s. 1740s apothegm him working on unhomogeneous projects exchangeable fire brigade, police force, university of Philadelphia and evening public works like street weeping service too.After retiring from printing business in 1748 he conducted various scientific researches on lightning. He was honored with degrees from Harvard and Yale in 1753 and he turned out to be the Postmaster ecumenic of America. Next year saw war breaking out between England and France and he participated in the war by drafting proposals that helped bring funds for the war. However the Autobiography is left unfinished and is written still up to 1757. The first chapter of his Autobiography is addressed to his first son, William Franklin who was born nearly one year after his marriage. He writes,Dear son I have ever had pleasure in obtaining any trivial anecdotes of my ancestors. You may remember the enquiries I made among the remains of my relations when you were with me in England, and the journey I undertook for that purpose. (The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Chapter one, Lines 1-3) First chapter includes his present work and the reasons behind choosing it, some description of his ancestors, about his early life and his attachment towards reading books. In chapter six, Benjamin mentions a lot of such incidents that made him decide to be simply honest in his dealings in life.The philosophical lines in chapter six are, I grew convincd that truth, sincerity and integrity in dealings between man and man were of the utmost importance to the merriment of life and I formd written resolutions. Which still remain in my j ournal book, to form them ever while I lived. (The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Chapter six, carve up 21, Lines 1-2) Thus we find that Benjamin Franklin worked on lot of projects and expertised his knowledge in various field with the help of his own experiences of life.He met various good deal and read variety of books too, which further helped him develop a sense of esponsibility and duty as well also morality and self-improvement. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave is a book with eleven chapters that gives us the range of a function of Douglasss life as a striver and how keen he was to become a remedy man. His book has played kind of an influential role during the abolition movement of early nineteenth ampere-second in United States.The first chapter starts with the information that Douglass is unaware of his date of birth and seems sad about this fact. Then he explains that he lost his mother when he was only seven-year-old but he was tak en distant international from his mother even before that. He had no idea about who was his father but according to most people he must have been the son of his owner who was a albumin man. The first time when Douglass could see the brutal side of slavery was when he saw his Aunt Hester being whipped.The avocation two three chapters describe the life of slaves of that time and how they were treated along with farms structure also. A very important and mentionable point here is the description of the singing of the slaves and this makes the reader have a good deal of admiration for Douglass as he knows far better that slaves are forced to do everything. Douglass mentions incidents of innate brutality with slaves even if they spoke truth. He also makes the reader aware of how slaves were taught to behave in nominal head of their owners.In chapter five he starts with life in Baltimore as he was taken there and also mentions that had he not been taken to Baltimore, he would have b een slave for the rest of his life without having the feeling of making himself free. here he started to feel that he could also have better hopes for future and mentions his new mistress, Mrs. old as a very kind woman initially but in due hunt down of time turned malicious. Douglass learned to spell small words and read a little combat from Mrs. Auld and he tried to develop his new skill whenever he found time and opportunity.The following two chapters describe his life in Baltimore and how he learns to read and write for himself and the sufferings due to this skill for him. In chapter six he mentions the difference in the treatments of a city slave and rural slave. He writes, I had resided but a short time in Baltimore before I observed a tag difference, in the treatment of slaves, from that which I had witnessed in the country. A city slave is almost free man compared with a slave on the plantation.He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown t o the slave on the plantation. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Chapter six, Paragraph 4, Lines 1-2) When Douglass was probably ten or eleven years his master died and with the division of property he was sent to the family of Master Hugh. For some time he was moved from one master to another which he extremely hated but had no option other than to follow the instructions of his present master. During these different voyages, Douglass made up is mind to flee from this kind of life and tried to take an account of the direction he was traveling so that it would help him run away from there.He had very hard time with the kind of work he was allotted and he was even whipped almost weekly just because he was awkward with the work. All this crossed the limit of patience for Douglass and one day when his master Covey tried to tie him he fought and won. After this incident he was never beaten. Douglass was then sent to another farm where he made friends with o ther slaves and also taught them to read and write. Here he planed to escape with some of the slaves but was caught and sent to jail. After being released from jail he was sent to learn some trade in Baltimore and he worked as a trainee in a shipyard.Here also white men abused him and his master was kind enough to make him work as a caulker and not go back to the shipyard again. He was even given wages for his work but he had to give them to Master Auld. He writes, In the early part of the year 1838, I became quite restless. I could see no reasons why I should, at the end of each week, pour the reinforcement of my toil into the purse of my master. When I carried to him my weekly wages, he would, after counting the money, look at me in the face with a robber-like fierceness, and ask, Is this all? he was satisfied with nothing less than the last cent. He would, however, when I made him six dollars, sometimes give me six cents, to encourage me. It had the opposite effect. (Narrative o f the Life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, Chapter eleven, Paragraph 3, Lines 1-3)Somehow Douglass manages and finds his own job and escapes from there and moves to Massachusetts. He mentioned very little about this escape in order to protect the names of persons who helped him in this work. After this he met his fiance and started working on his own.He then joined an antislavery get-together and fought for the issue from that time onwards. Within four months of the publication of the book, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave in 1845, it made a sale of five thousand copies. Douglass sailed to England after the publication of his book and remained there for next two years, as he feared to be recaptured by his legal master. This book at long last gave him the liberty to work for himself and people now believed in the story of his past. He then started a dark newspaper too.

Globalization & Getting a handle Essay

We cannot overstate the effects of the arch of globalization on our thought, culture and the media. From the television form ads and shows, our style of dressing and the way we converse and communicate with each other in our own rustic and people from overseas. What is this phenom that we c t surface ensemble globalization? How does it affect us now and in the future? What are its benefits as well as its drawbacks? This paper result try to put a body, a face if you leave alone, on the globalization trend. II. DEFINITIONSGlobalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the social, economic, technological cultural, political and bionomical spheres. It can also be defined as a comprehensive term for the emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental and cultural events in star break away of the world speedily come to have significance in other crash of the world. Now basing from the definitions expiren, it can blind drunk that globalization can come to mean a trend toward the interconnectivity or interdependence on one another even if we are in two different places.This is its basic concept that is to establish more than and better lines by which the world can be bought together in ever increasing slipway and means. Now for the questions on how this trend affects the media industry, we can just take a look at the Internet. This system is ready at hand to connect different peoples and cultures with the touch of a button, as it can connect us more swiftly rather than the traditional modes of communication. III. THE EFFECTS ON THE FILM, RADIO AND TELEVISION INDUSTRIESThe pastime industry have focused their energies on the larger overseas markets for the sale and the promotion of their current offerings, movies, wireless shows, television shows have already live on a staple in some countries that these have come alonged to transpose the local anaesthetic industries for the sh are for the slice of the local market in that country. At the core of the entertainment industry-film, music, television-there is a growing dominance of U. S. products.It can be seen in most parts of the world, products such(prenominal) as KFC, McDonalds or Coca- Cola just to name a few of the transnational companies doing business in other nations off form the local market. These companies shop around other countries that have lower costs for doing business, thus further the local employment and talent pool from those countries to adapt their educational and training pools to the needs of the incoming opposed investors. Some companies, for example, America Online and Time Warner merged to form AOL Time, matching AOLs Internet businesses and Times massive holdings in media, entertainment and news concerns.More and more of these companies ten to look overseas to encourage their products and services abroad. But while the trend is focusing on global interconnectivity, that in our modern sidereal day environment, time and distance are a negligible factor in terms of dispensing media to other parts of the world. According to Professor Kalyani Chadha at the Philip Merill College of Journalism While popular rhetoric suggest that we live in an increasingly interconnected globalized world in which time and space have collapsed and media experiences are increasingly uniform, the truth is often differentMedia systems in different countries continue to be characterized by significant differences in iron out and broadcasting laws, business and economic structure, access to technology and to nature of journalistic practices, resulting often in variations in both content and perspective. In a nutshell, it is saying that what whitethorn be true and acceptable in other countries and regions might not be acceptable, even palatable in some others. The difference may stem from the traditional as well as the cultural background in the country itself or in some legal opin ion system that this particular society holds.But in the discussion of the trend of globalization, the problem herein lies in the fact that in the march for interconnectivity, some of these traditions might have to give way. IV. EFFECTS ON CULTURE The Websters Third New International Dictionary defines culture as the the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in speech, action and artifacts and dependent upon mans capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations Thus, cultural globalization can thus be defined as the worldwide cultural standardization.Also, it can refer to the postcolonial culture, cultural pluralism and hybridization, or saving two or more cultures together to create a new one. In the picture of globalization, we moldiness recognize that the global view will effect the change in the cultural standings of some nations. In the long run of things, we must be resigned to the fact that some of these traditions must give way. Remember that globalization is linked to affecting the global community concept, a global village, if you permit the phrase.( Marshall McLuhan popularized this belief to highlight his observations that an electronic nervous system ( the media) was rapidly integrating the planetevents in one part of the world could be experienced from other parts in real-time, which is the human experience was bid when we lived in small villages). In this village, everybody was with the same beliefs and held to the same traditions, at least most of the time. But in the set up of the globalization concept, those beliefs and traditions sometimes, if not most of the time, have to give way to the establishment of a unified set of beliefs from a strong or stronger source.That is cultural hegemony, wherein the stronger or predominant influence will produce ways of thinking and seeing, and especially eliminating alternative views to reinforce the status quo, meaning the status quo of the more predominant influence. Some people fear a loss of cultural diversity as U. S. companies become dominant. Such companies tend to bundle their products, meaning they ship their products in wholesale form. Movies, television shows audio products all come into the local market and compete with the local industry, thus competing for the attention of that market. These tend to replace local alternatives.This would explain in part the prevalence of the media especially the visual media to promote their advertisements in other countries without thinking of the sensibilities that the ad might be offending. Video games and television games flash ever more violent images that await to engross kids from galore(postnominal) nations that were not ready to absorb these kinds of media. All day long, hey would sit in depend of the television and just either stare at the monitor watching these violent shows and absorb the set of the characters of the shows characters or sit endlessly at video games and get i n to the violence that these game icons display. local culture and social culture are now shaped by large and powerful mercantile interests that earlier anthropologists could not have imagined. Early anthropologists thought of societies and their cultures as fully independent systems. But today, m some(prenominal) nations are multicultural societies, composed of numerous subcultures. These subcultures are present and very visible to us, in the forms of food, attire and even in the places that we often frequent. Rarely do we dont see that in any of the places that we go, there is not one member of these subcultures that we dont come across.And we tend to borrow these things, if you will, in the way that we prepare our food, the way we buy our clothes and shoes and other accessories, in our choice of products that seem to satisfy our craving to be what the television stars portray on camera. The values that seem to be displayed out there want to look like them, that we can somehow i mitate the way they look to be what these companies want us to believe to be acceptable. People are therefore more biased in the products that they purchase or services that they get for themselves so the image that is bought in to them are to look like the people they see.The transnational companies can manipulate the way that people think of themselves also by devising us think that standards have to be met in order for us to be acceptable, or part of what is acceptable in the eyes of the global society as a whole. In short, they dictate what constitutes the upright life. For example, if you dont have a certain kind of piece of clothing such a shirt or pair of sneakers, youre supposed to feel left out of the loop. Or, in the case that you still wear a shirt that is not in fashion, and this is still dictated by the multinational companies abroad, youre still going to be left out.Or if you dont squeeze a certain brand of car or model of that car, its an antique theyll say. In um pteen instances, this trend of cultural globalization tends to make us want these companies say that we have to be to be happy. From whatever the products or producers say, is what we have been conditioned to think, that these are the keys to be living it up. It is argued that one of the consequences of globalization will be the end of cultural diversity, and the triumph of uni-polar culture serving the needs of transnational corporations. Hence, the world drinks Coca-Cola, watches American movies and eats American junk food.

Executive Summary on Purell

Purell import Hand Sanitizer is a portable hand washing solution that cleanses hands without the direct for soap and water. India currently has a problem with pollution in its water we see this as an fortune to increase our values while also providing benefits that exit help the Indian population achieve one(a) of its strategic goals. Extensive research provides evidence that marketing Purell Instant Hand Sanitizer in could increase our profit margin as a company and allow us to grow our business.With a population everyplace 1. 1 billion and limited competition this market potentially could give us 5-7% growth from each one year for the next 7 to 10 years. Being that we atomic number 18 one of the first to enter this market, we will enjoy the benefits of being a pioneer in this industry. With such a huge market, we are hoping to remove a 40% to 50% market share before additional competition start centre on India.The purpose of this report is to recommend marketing Clean Ha nds, Inc product, Purell Instant Hand Sanitizer, in India. Purell Instant Hand Sanitizer is a portable supplement to routine hand washing. This is helpful because of all the diseases that are anchor in the waters of India. It is reported that 80 percent of disease that currently affects the people of India, is caused by insanitary water and the lack of people washing or keeping their hands clean. Purell kills 99. 9percent of most common germs. Therefore, Purell is and impelling tool that promotes proper health and prevents the spread of disease. In the documents to follow we are going to discuss the internationalistic business plan, which includes our policy commitment statement, our background analysis, our market research summary along with our action steps. Than we are going to go into detail about our marketing plan, which explains our method of entry into the market, as well as issues we might encounter.

Research Report Example

1. 0 Introduction 1. 1. Background of seek Nowadays, we spate consider write hammer of fancyt is the well-nigh effective as written communication go out not salmagundi and the put across to be delivered go out always be consistent with no reduction or addition information in the message when comp ard to the messages conveyed through speech from one soulfulness to an other(a). It is no wonder approximately strategic selective information is stored in written form.According to Knowles in the book of Patterns of Spoken English An Introduction to English Phonetics, written expression has the advantage that it is permanent so that it move be studied conveniently and at leisure, solely spoken vocabulary is much elusive. In other words, written terminology looks like an imperfect reading of spoken language. Since written communication is the close widely dod to convey important messages, does the import out wrongdoings in written communication ternion affect the message to be delivered? Nowadays, brief messages but important argon often delivered in written form.For warning, if a company sine qua nons to introduce their new products to the market, the company would choose to bedevil use of sign bestride and written communication. The question now, if the sign dining t competent has spell mis run acrossings, does it seduce an dissemble on the message to be delivered and thus affect the sale of their products? There atomic spot 18 many brokers that score English spell out shifts in the sign boards. one and only(a) of the factor is the mother tongue. In Malaysia, people conform to from a various races and ethnicities. Therefore, we are as well fix distinct congenital languages. The Malays with their Malay language, Chinese with their mandarin orange and many more than.Since English is a second or third language in our lives, we often to misspell the word in English. In addition, a person who produces these signs are no t concerned approximately spell in their advertising. Some convictions the person responsible for making the sign board that using English language also does not assume a satisfactory command of English. From the problem that we face, how one can stay fresh this problem? Among the sources that can be taken is to use software or a spell obstruction out before making billboards that use English. In addition, these signs should be going through the make for of inspection or proof read the words.For someone that hope to make their own sign board for the purpose of their footling business, they can carefully and slowly read their writing out loud. Often your ear will hear what your eye did not break. Read your writing, sentence by sentence, from the last sentence to the outset sentence. This technique interrupts the reasonable flow of the prose and neutralizes any impression of correctness arising from your knowledge of what you meant to range. Also, one can use their dicti onary to check any words of which they are unsure, and to check for the spelling. This is a brief overview of the inquiry that we want to conduct.Every period will be discussed further in more details and with an analysis. 1. 2. Statement of Problem The purpose of this research is to study the importance of spelling in advertizing. First of all, why spelling is so important when we want to convey a message in the form of written communication? Spelling is important because it tolerate up in reading. It helps cement the connection that is shared between sounds and letters. Delivering very important information, for example information well-nigh the security at construction sites, but there is spelling erroneousnesss in the signs. That would be a dodgy thing for anyone who cannot receive the message.In addition, if there are spelling errors in signs that seeks to promote a business, it will affect their business. Bad spelling gives others a bad impression astir(predicate) you or about your business. No matter what you say, if the spelling is poor, the ref will notice this before anything else. Punctuation errors often go unnoticed, but everyone notices spelling errors. Then, if the tourist that use English as their mother tongue read the sign board that have a spelling error, it will give a bad impression to our country. Then what will happen if the spelling errors are found in the sign board that is from a p liveigious university.For example a parking sign board in a Cambridge University. The sign boards misspell the words college to montage. This is a not a serious spelling errors, but it affect the reputation of the academic ecesis itself. 1. 3. Objectives of study i. To investigate the factors of spelling errors in advertising. ii. To discover the wallop of spelling errors in advert. iii. To find the most effective solution to deflect spelling errors. Research Questions i. Do spelling errors in ad delay the message from being conveyed? ii. What are the factors that lead to spelling errors in advertising sign board? ii. What is the impact of spelling errors to the readers? iv. Which sectors are usually having spelling errors in their ad signs? (business or informative) v. Which sectors of the advertising sign board that have spelling errors are most affected? vi. How is the best way to avoid spelling errors in advertising signs? 1. 4 Significance of the study Sometimes, the wrong custom of language will cause different meaning for something. Somehow, nowadays, people are influenced by the foreign language, mother-tongue language, broken language, and other that cause the misuse of advertisement.Advertisements language usage is important because it is going to be a calamus to remind or inform the others about certain information. A wrong use of language in advertisement sign board will cause troublesome to the reader or user in terms of see to iting. 1. 5 Limitations of study The principal(prenominal) scope of the study will be the assimilator of UTHM. We choosing 20 responsives for design field and 20 respondents form Non-engineering filed. Initially, we will set the hotspot place like library, food court, bus stop, and etcetera. We are going to use questionnaire to collect info.The main constraint will be how to approach the students for them to spend time tell our questionnaire. Meanwhile, we also face problem of time management for going to the hotspot places in UTHM. excessively that is also having limit of noticeting the field of study cause we need find 20 respondents for engineering field and 20 respondents form Non-engineering filed to fulfills the depute. 1. 6 Definition of terms The main concept of our research is to identify the suitability of the usage of language in advertisement or sign board.This concept has been proposed due to too many confusing, annoying, and gay word or establishment in all over the world. Our research has been decided due to the important of the adve rtisement and sign board. This is because of the wrong use of language to express something will be different for the original meaning and very confusing. In our proposal, we are using some abbreviation. They are as follows a. UTHM University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia b. FKEE The qualification of Electrical and Electronics engineering c. FSKTM Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology d.FPTPK Faculty of Technology forethought and Business 2. 0 Literature Review Spelling skill is a very important tool especially in conjunction with writing. As Croft (1993) states the only possible justification for learning to spell is that exact spelling is necessary for effective writing. A misspelled word will quickly take the mind of the reader away from the meaning of the message. Spelling is necessary for good communication too. Kyte (2001) explored the causes of common spelling errors. These included carelessness, mispronunciation, phonrtic errors, homonym surprise and h andwriting errors.Because of the citizen of our country, there are many dialect. The Pronunciation of a given word whitethorn variegate widely while the spelling is the same(p). Mother tongue interference is cause of spelling error. Wilkins let outs When learning a foreign language an individual already knows his mother tongue, and it is this which he attempts to transfer. The transfer may prove to be justified because the structure of the two languages is similar in that case we get positive transfer or facilitation or it may prove unjustified because the structure of the two languages are different in that case we get negative transfer or interference. (Wilkins, 1999) English spelling has traditionally been difficult for those who teach it as well as those who must learn it (Johnston, 2000). Lack of simple one-to-one letter/sound correspondences in words and seeming exceptions to spelling rules contribute to spelling errors. Due to the complexity of the task, it cannot be a ssumed that students will absorb good spelling practices without explicit instruction (Gentry, 2001). The spelling of words in the English language is difficult for all the same the most adept students.In addition, students must be able to see an advantage to learning standardised English in order to develop a desire to spell correctly. Though spelling may be difficult, it need not be dull. It is, indeed, by no means the least interesting instalment in the structure of our rich, living, and complex language (Vallins as cited in Johnstone, 2001). Spelling errors provide a ocular construeation for students, processing of linguistic information as well as their knowledge of English writing system . (Henry, 2003) Chiang T. H. (1981) and Chiang P. J. (1993) explore the errors in Chinese college and senior high school student English compositions.They points out trio prominent features in the error of vowel substitution first, errors often occurs in non-stressed syllables second, th e substitute letter(s) and the target letter(s) are often pronounced the same or similarly last, a target letter may be replaced by its phonetic symbol. They explores the errors through the data from a vocabulary translation test. In this test, students are asked to translate Chinese words into English equivalents. They find five types of spelling errors (1) substitution (one or more letters are substituted with others, e. g. rabbit/ ribbit, present/prasent), (2) omission (one or more letters are lose from the target words, e. g. bigger/biger, August/Augst), (3) transposition (one or more letters are misplaced, e. g. minute/miunte, first/frist), (4) addition (extra letter is added to the target word, e. g. October/Octorber, pencil/pencial, bench/beanch), and (5) combination of the above. One of the most applicable solution to avoid spelling error in advertisement is proofreading. Proofreading is a highly complex process, it is a process of inspection. It involves more than just re ading text. In proofreading, the reader must be trained to look consciously at what he would normally need to ignorefeatures of the code itself (Shaughnessy, 2003). Proofreading involves looking closely at orthographic structures in words and using morphological information to check their correct usage. This is a highly real skill. The purpose of this literature review is to study the causes of spelling errors, not solely at the advertisement field of force but also spelling errors in writing documents and so forth. Within this review, I argue that spelling is important to the development of written language skills.This has implications for academic performance in curriculum areas that rely on written language for assessment purposes. Students who have poor spelling skills often limit the quantity and lineament of their written language in an effort to minimise errors. Because of this, they may judge themselves, and be judged by others to be less capable than they really are, in the area of language expression (Moseley, 1993). 3. 0 Methodology 3. 1 Sample The report is aimed at student of engineering student and non-engineering student (undergraduate) who study in UITHM.We have completed the data collection through questionnaire distributed to UTHM students, mainly divided up to two groups. First group is engineering students (FKEE, FKMP, FKAAS) and the other is non engineering students (FTMM, FPTPK, FSSM). We have collected 40 samples of respond from this two groups, each 20 respectively. 3. 2 Data Collection We have gathered the data needed by employing observation. Observation is through to manage the errors of spelling in advertisement in the closest area. It is also conducted to have wider understanding on whats going on from taught material point of view.The observation done several times before in the end we found an imprecise answer to what we were seeking for. That were the factors and the impact of spelling errors in advertisement. Participant observation is regarded in the best position to collect data about the observable features of the most effective solution to avoid spelling errors. The students will be investigated during the gap time between classes. It will be carried on in the hotspot area around UTHM. 3. 3 Data analysis As the result of the observation, the first method, the data would be canvas by firstly comparing the data collected from each student.It have been done with the focus of evaluation of the material given in its role to evaluate what the effect of spelling error in advertisement . Then it would be classified into several categories which are constructed into more systematic arrangement of each After that, as the result of the each answer calculation, the researcher will transform it to percentage. The data will be shared in the form of tables and graps. 3. 4 Instrument The instruments refer to the method employ in testing our hypothesis or answering our researched question. The instrument that we used is a survey in the form of questionnaire.We created the questionnaire based on our statement of problem and hypothesis. Then we gave the questionnaire to the students and ask them to answer. After that, we collected our questionnaire and analyzed our data. From the questionnaire, we had different opinion from respondents. Besides that, we also searched internet to get more information about this task . 3. 5 Research Procedure SELECT THE BEST TOPIC BRAINSTORM FOR TOPIC FORM A GROUP SUBMISSION OF REPORT ANALYZE THE DATA COLLECT THE QUESTIONNAIRE FORM QUESTIONNAIRE RESEARCH DISTRIBUTE THE QUESTIONNAIRE Firstly, we are divided into several groups by our own choice.Secondly, we have conducted the first meeting for brainstorming ideas to find the respectable topic. Only after several meeting, we found the most suitable topic which is Spelling errors in advertisement. Thirdly, we started the research by finding more information about our topic from the internet. To assist our data findings, we have made some questionnaires that are next distributed to the respective samples. Next, we have collected the data in the questionnaires and divided them into several specialized groups to make it clearer for analysing. 4. 0 Data AnalysisThe bar graph states the number of respondents answering the questionnaires distributed according to gender and section of study which are non-engineering and engineering students. Among the non-engineering students, the female students are the major respondents and same goes to the engineering students. The bar graph opposes the number of respondents who have and have not seen or read billboards or signage with spelling errors on it. It seems that most of the respondents from engineering courses have seen some. While only six respondents from the non-engineering course state that they have never seen it in live.Factors of spelling errors in advertisement according to the students point of view. Factors Engineering Non-engineering influenced by mother-tongue language. 10 10 No careful consideration on advertising messages that they want. 11 13 The person making billboards or signage sometimes is not expert in English. 8 7 Others 2 2 Discussion This statement or question was introduced to collect the point of view of students about the factors of spelling error in advertisement. Our respondent consisted of two groups of students, which is from engineering field and non-engineering field.Respondent can choose one or more factors in the question or choose others if they consider the spelling error of advertisement is caused by other factors. According to the data distribution, the main factor of spelling error in advertisement is caused by no careful consideration on advertising messages that they want. This recorded a highest percentage of 35. 48 in engineering students and 40. 63% in non-engineering students. On the other hand, both 10 votes from two different field of students that suggested the spelling e rror in advertisement was influenced by mother tongue language.The data recorded a total of 31 votes from engineering students and 32 votes from non-engineering students respectively. This is an important factor that leads to the spelling error because the respondent is from multi-racial and have their own mother tongue language. Next, the person making billboards or signage sometimes is not expert in English also stands a high percentage. 25. 81% engineering students and 21. 88% non-engineering students support this factor of create spelling error. Last but not least, both 2 votes from two field of students on others factor that caused this phenomenon to happen.In conclusion, there are many factors that caused this phenomenon to arise and we cannot conclude solely single factor that lead to this problem. The data collected also shown a quite equal percentage from each factor and this has turn out the spelling error is caused by several factors. Table 4 Sector of ( lucrative or no n profitable) that are often has spelling error in their advertisement. Students Sector of advertisement Non profitable (informative) Profitable (business) Engineering 13 7 Non engineering 16 4The bar chart shows the sector of advertisement(profitable or non-profitable) that often has spelling error in their advertisement. 80% of Engineering student show it is from non-profitable sector while 20% show it is from profitable sector. For non-engineering students, 65% show it is from non-profitable sector while 35% show it is from profitable sector. The result from engineering and non-engineering students more or less same for question which sector of (profitable or non profitable) that are often has spelling error in their advertisement.They concur that profitable sector are often has spelling error in their advertisement. Table 5 concord Level of The Students On Advertisement Containing Spelling Errors. Students Understanding Level of The Students On Advertisement Containing S pelling Errors. Yes No Engineering 19 1 Non engineering 15 5 The bar chart shows the understanding take of the students on advertisement containing spelling errors. 95% of Engineering student stated that they understand the real message that the ads even if the advertisement has spelling error while 5% stated that they do not understand the ads .For non-engineering students, 75% of non-Engineering student stated that they understand the real message that the ads even if the advertisement has spelling error while 25% stated that they do not understand the ads. The result from engineering and non-engineering student just about same for understanding level of the students on advertisement containing spelling errors. They agreed that they still can understand the real message that the ads even if the advertisement has spelling error. Table 6 Sector of advertisement (profitable or non profitable) that most affected by spelling error in the advertising. 1-no influence 2-partially i nfluence 3-strongly influence) Students Level of Influence Non-profitable (informative) advertisement Profitable (business) advertisement 1 2 3 1 2 3 Engineering 6 8 7 7 4 10 Non engineering 4 1 9 9 5 12 Discussion From the data, we found that most of our respondent said that profitable (business) advertisement are most affected by the spelling error in their advertising. This represents 62. 37% of our entire respondent vote. From this 62. 37%, 44. 83% are represented by the non- engineering students respondent.While the rest are from the engineering students respondent. From 62. 37% that said profitable (business) advertisement are most affected by the spelling error, 37. 93% of them put level 3 which level 3 is represent strongly influence. Only 44. 83% of our respondents said that non-profitable (informative) advertisement are most affected by the spelling error. The difference is almost 20%. From the analysis made, we can assume that most respondents said that profitable (bus iness) advertisement are the most affected by spelling errors in their advertising because it involves the profitability of the business.Compares to non-profitable (informative) advertisement, even the message cannot be conveyed successfully it will not cause loss in investment like business. Students purview About The Effect Of Spelling Error In Advertisement To The Business. As we observe the figure above, we can know the students opinion about the effect of spelling error in advertisement to the business. If we look it more detail and deeply, he percentage of students who agree with the statement above is nearly same which is about 37. 5% -42. 5% which is from the engineering and non-engineering students.Other than that, the number of students who are not agree with the statement is a gnomish amount only which is only 20% which is from the engineering and non-engineering students. Besides that, the students who agree with the statement by saying yes for the respective question is actually they might do not understand the message or not confident with the advertisement where it happens in the daily life in the aspect of business world whereas, the number the students who arent agree with the statement by saying no is trying to mean that the advertisement is not affected, they still can understand the message.Besides, they are trying to mean that the spelling error is easy to ameliorate and recognize and lastly they can be presented as a creative thinker. What do you think is the most suitable applicable solution to avoid spelling error in advertisement? * Use software, spell checker to check your word * Proof read before advertise (go through possess of inspection) * indigene speaker (fluent in English) who guides to prevent bad translation Figure 8 Table 8 Students software checking Undergo process of inspection Native speaker Other Engineering Students 8 12 0 0Non-Engineering Students 9 7 3 1 Total 17 19 3 1 Discussion The data obtain by questionnai re method. 20 respondents for engineering student and 20 respondents for Non-engineering student. From the table, we can see clearly that the proof read before advertise having the highest rate of choice that is 19 out of 40 respondents. After that follows by use software, spell checker to check your word with 17 respondents choice. Then is the native speaker with only 3 respondents choice. They a respondent give respond other which state that check carefully first.According to the analysis, we can make hypothesis that engineering student do not face problem of native speaker. Besides that, we also can predict that bear up under process of inspection is more effective way to solve the problem. 5. 0 Conclusion In a nutshell, the research of this project had been done perfectly and we able to achieve all the objectives of the study. First of all, we would like to justify the main objective of the study which is to investigate the factors of spelling errors in advertisement.In this v iew of opinion, we can observe the research from the questionnaires which given to the engineering and non-engineering students for the purpose of this study which is the factors of spelling error in an advertisement wise. Secondly, we egg on to the next step of this study which is to discover the impact of spelling errors in an advertisement. By referring to this statement, we can say that the impacts are wrong information will be delivers to the readers and could create some confusion among the messages and fail to decoy attention from the readers.Thirdly, adding with the next objective of this study which is to find the most effective solution to avoid spelling errors. If we look deeply and open our eyes and mind frankly, we can get to the meaning of tis statement which can be said this is another alternative method to deliver certain message to the readers correctly and accordingly, in like manner that can be said that by doing or creating some effective method to avoid such( prenominal) mistakes is to reduce the popularity of people getting confuse of some advertisement.Finally, I would like to combine this and try to compare in our daily life things, there are advantages and disadvantages whenever and whatever we do in our life time journey. Thus, what Im is trying to is we as a educated community should concern and aware about this problem and prevent this thing to stay on and destroy our future generations language and their capability in the reading and grammar usage wise . We should do and react towards this problem in a big group and not depending someone ,its like we are saving and do not want the proper grammar usage to be extinct fully.Suggestion There are many ways to drown or prevent this type of problem to be continued or occurred in the publics or medias. One of the way is by checking the advertisement before it shows to the public and there should be an checking errors team such as Quality Control(QC) team in any company projects work, su ch as the flow of the pattern and stages of grammar checking. Besides that, if let say there is an error in the advertisement which already showed or advertise, immediately change it through in another alternative way which we can say as a back up way to overcome such problem.Lastly, we as a creative thinking person should able to understand the purpose of an advertisement and try ourselves to correct it if there is any error in an advertisement such as erased such error occurred advertisement and change it to the proper sentence. 6. 0 Reference Chapter 2. 0 UW-Madison Writing Centre. (2009) Writers Handbook http//writing. wisc. edu/Handbook/index. html. The University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 11 Dec, 2011 Seymour, P. (1997). Foundations of orthographic development. In C. A. Perfetti, L. Rieben, & M.Fayol (Eds. ), Learning to Spell. Research, system and practice across languages (pp. 319-338). NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates. Sloboda, J. A. (1980). Visual imagery and individua l differences in spelling. In U. Frith (Ed. ), Cognitive processes in spelling (pp. 231-250). London Academic Press Inc. Ltd. Beck, I. L. (2006). Making sense of phonics The hows and whys. New York The Guilford Press. Bertucci, C. , Hook, P. , Macaruso, P. , & Bickley, C. (2003). Vowel perception and fruit in adolescents with reading disabilities.Annals of Dyslexia, 53, 174-197. Birsh, J. R. (Ed. ). (1999). Multisensory teaching of basic language skills. New York Paul H. Brookes. Chapter 3. 0 McNeil, P. & Chapman, S. (2005) Research Methods. 3rd Ed. Routledge Oxon Chapter 4. 0 Gillhooly, V. (2008) Business English-Charts, Graphs & Diagrams. Learnwell Oy Website www. thelanguage. com. Retrieved 12 Dec, 2011 Caprette, D. (Aug 2007) Writing about Graphs. Rice University. Website http//www. ruf. rice. edu/bioslabs/tools/report/reportform. html. Retrieved 16 Dec,2011